When you post documents in SAP, there are instances where the system also adds some more line items (such as tax, cash discount, gain/loss from foreign exchange transactions, etc.) besides the ones you have entered in the document. This helps to reduce your work as the system calculates these automatically. However, you need to define accounts you want the system to automatically post to; this will ensure that no manual posting is allowed to any of these accounts.
Account Assignment Model is a reference method used in document entry when the same distribution of amounts to several Company Codes, cost centers, accounts, etc., is frequently used. Instead of manually distributing the amount among accounts or Company Codes, you may use equivalence numbers for distributing both the credit and debit amounts. A cross-Company Code account assignment model can also be created.
The account assignment model may contain any number of GL accounts. The GL account items need not be complete. The model can be used across several Company Codes, and can even include Company Codes from non-SAP systems.
Remember, The use of account assignment models is limited to GL accounts.
The Document Type is characterized by a 2-character code such as AA, DG, etc., whereas an Account Type is denoted by a 1-character code such as A, D, etc., specifying which accounts a particular document can be posted to.
The common account types include:
The functionality Document Change Rules configured in the system maintains the information relating to what fields can be changed? and under what circumstances?. As you are already aware, SAPs document principle does not allow changing the relevant fields once a document is posted; any changes can only be achieved through Reversal or additional postings. Fields such as company code, business area, account number, posting key, amount, currency, etc., can never be changed once the document is posted. However, SAP allows changing some of the fields in the line items such as payment method, payment block, house bank, dunning level, dunning block, etc. These can be changed document by document or by using mass change for a number of documents in a single step.
The changes to master data are tracked and stored per user for an audit trail.
Usually, when a transaction is posted, for example, a vendor invoice (document type: KR), the system posts the Gross amount with the tax and discount included. However, SAP provides you the option of posting these items as Net. In this case, the posting excludes tax or discounts. Remember to use the special document type KN. (Similarly, you will use the document type DN for customer invoice-Net compared to the normal invoice postings for the customer using the document type DR.) For using this net method of posting you should have activated the required settings in the customization.
