This Program provides you with a list of all the objects in SAP System.

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*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Report ZLOCAL
* Author: Swarna.S. (Tata Consultancy Services)
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* AS: List of local objects in the SAP system(Y objects and Z objects)
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
REPORT ZLOCAL NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*structure declaration for tadir objects
 
types: BEGIN OF wa_tadir,
pgmid type tadir-pgmid,
object type tadir-object,
obj_name TYPE tadir-obj_name,
author TYPE tadir-author,
masterlang type tadir-masterlang,
END OF wa_tadir.
 
*OK code declaration
Data : ok_code like sy-ucomm.

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Cost element group is nothing but a group of cost elements which help one to track and control cost more effectively. You can make as many number of cost element groups as you feel necessary by combining various logical cost elements.

In a similar line the cost center group is also a group of cost centers which help one to track and control the cost of a department more effectively. You can make as many number of cost centers as you feel necessary by combining various logical cost centers Infact you can use various combinations of cost center group with the cost element group to track and control your costs per department or across departments

A cost object means a cost or a revenue collector wherein all the costs or revenues are collected for a particular cost object. Examples of this could be cost center, production order, internal order, projects & sales order.

So whenever you look at any controlling function the basic thing you need to ask yourself is What is the cost element(expense) I want to control and what is the cost object ( i.e. either the production order, sales order, internal order) I am using to control this cost element. Sounds confusing read it again it is very simple.

Every Profit and Loss GL account that needs to be controlled has to be defined as a cost element in SAP. Just as in FI General Ledger Accounts exist, in Controlling we have Cost element.

Each FI General Ledger Account that is a Profit and Loss Account is also created as a Cost element in SAP.

Primary Cost Elements are those which are created from FI general Ledger Accounts and impact the financial accounts eg. Travelling expenses, consumption account infact, any Profit and Loss GL account.

Secondary Cost Elements are those which are created only in controlling and does not affect the financials of the company. It is used for internal reporting only. The postings to these accounts do not affect the Profit or Loss of the company.

The following categories exist for secondary cost elements:

1. Internal Settlement: Cost elements of this category is used to settle order costs to objects in controlling such as cost centers, pa segments etc.
2. Order/Results Analysis: Used to calculate WIP on the order/project
3. Overhead: Used to calculate indirect costs from cost centers to orders
4. Assessment: Used to calculate costs during assessment
5. Internal Activity Allocation: Used to allocate costs during internal activity allocation such as Machine Labour etc

Company codes are assigned to the controlling area. A controlling area is assigned to the operating concern.

Controlling Area is the umbrella under which all controlling activities of Cost Center Accounting, Product costing, Profitability Analysis and Profit Center are stored.

Operating Concern is the highest node in Profitability Analysis